TRANSTORNO DE DÉFICIT DE ATENÇÃO E HIPERATIVIDADE: DESAFIOS E RESPONSABILIDADES DA ESCOLA

Abstract

This study discusses the challenges faced by schools when they receive a child diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). It is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component, characterized by inattention, restlessness and impulsivity, which appears in childhood and may accompany the person throughout life. At school, the condition is often associated with the student's behavior: the child may or may not respond to environmental stimuli and may react, for example, impulsively or aggressively, without thinking about the consequences, which indicates an imbalance between thinking, feeling and acting in the classroom. The research is justified by the need to better understand the disorder, still little discussed and studied in everyday school life, and to recognize ways of identifying it in the first years of schooling. It is a theoretical study based on bibliographic research in books and scientific articles, updated with current legislation, especially Brazilian Law No. 14,254/2021, and with the DSM-5-TR criteria. The aim is to help teachers recognize signs of the disorder and work with these children so that they can overcome their difficulties and reach adequate levels of emotional and cognitive development. The paper also shows the challenges children face when starting school and the school's great mission of welcoming and teaching them, supporting their cognitive and social development.