Actividade Antibacteriana dos Extractos Hidroetanólico e Aquoso das Folhas de Moringa Oleífera Sobre Escherichia Coli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69807/2966-0785.2026.374Keywords:
Antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Moringa OleiferaAbstract
Mozambique has a high prevalence of diarrheal diseases and urinary tract infections, and in recent years, high rates of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been observed globally. To address this issue, medicinal plants are being studied with the aim of developing new drugs. Moringa oleifera Lamarck is a plant belonging to the Moringaceae family. In this context, the present study was conducted to analyze the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of hydroethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Moringa against Escherichia coli.
Moringa oleifera leaves were harvested in the Marrere neighborhood between 7:00 and 9:00 AM; they were washed, air-dried at room temperature for 15 days, and then ground to produce the plant material. This material underwent maceration for 7 days, followed by filtration and oven-drying. Subsequently, phytochemical analysis was conducted at the Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry Laboratory to qualitatively identify secondary metabolites. Antibacterial activity was assessed at the Clinical Analysis Laboratory (LAC) of the Nampula Central Hospital (Microbiology Sector) using the disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) on Mueller-Hinton agar.The study is characterized as basic, explanatory, and experimental (laboratory-based), employing a qualitative-quantitative approach. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.
The results are presented in tables; phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, and tannins in the aqueous extract, whereas flavonoids were absent in the hydroethanolic extract, and phlorotannins were absent in both extracts. Regarding antibacterial activity, the hydroethanolic extract showed no zone of inhibition, while the aqueous extract exhibited zones of inhibition of 14 ± 0.67 mm at the initial concentration, 12 ± 1.11 mm at the second concentration, and 10 ± 1.33 mm at the third concentration. The hydroethanolic extract showed no activity, whereas the aqueous extract demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli.
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