Avaliação da Eficácia do Método SODIS no Tratamento de Água no Bairro de Mutauanha, 2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69807/2966-0785.2026.404Palavras-chave:
Água, desinfecção, Escherichia coli, Mutauanha, SODIS, NampulaResumo
A contaminação microbiológica da água destinada ao consumo humano permanece como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública em comunidades periurbanas de países de baixo e médio rendimento. Em Moçambique, o surto nacional de cólera entre 2022 e 2024, com a província de Nampula como epicentro, evidenciou a necessidade de intervenções complementares de tratamento ao ponto de uso. O presente estudo teve por objectivo avaliar a eficácia do método de desinfecção solar da água (SODIS) na melhoria da qualidade microbiológica e físico-química da água de poços comunitários do bairro de Mutauanha, cidade de Nampula, em 2025. Realizou-se um estudo experimental de comparação pareada intra-amostral em três poços (A, B e C), com amostras avaliadas em três momentos: antes da exposição solar (T0), após seis horas de exposição em garrafas PET (T6h) e após 72 horas de armazenamento à temperatura ambiente (T+72h). Mediu-se o pH, turbidez, temperatura e condutividade eléctrica, pesquisou-se coliformes totais, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae e Proteus spp. nas três amostras, segundo os Standard Methods e normas ISO aplicáveis. Os três poços apresentaram, em T0, turbidez entre 3,26 e 3,39 NTU, pH entre 6,64 e 6,94 e contaminação fecal detectável (E. coli de 12 a mais de 50 UFC/100 mL e coliformes totais entre 5 e 7 UFC/100 mL); o Poço B apresentou ainda Proteus spp. positivo. Após seis horas de exposição, observou-se inactivação completa de E. coli e de coliformes totais nas amostras A e C, e persistência transitória de E. coli (3 UFC) na Amostra B, com inactivação completa após 72 horas, evidenciando o fenómeno de morte continuada no escuro (dark death). Não houve recrescimento bacteriano em qualquer amostra após 72 horas. As reduções microbiológicas atingiram ordem ≥1,3 log na amostra C e ≥1,7 log na Amostra A. A turbidez diminuiu entre 10% e 33% após exposição. Conclui-se que o SODIS é tecnicamente eficaz, sustentável, de baixo custo e adequado ao contexto periurbano de Mutauanha, podendo integrar estratégias locais de saúde pública para a redução da carga de doenças de veiculação hídrica.
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